Internal-combustion motor



E. W. CHRISTIE.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR- APPLICAT'ION FILED JAN-6. 1921.

1 A28, 822,, Patented Sept. 5, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

E. W. CHRISTIE.

INTERNAL comsusnom MOTOR- APPLICATION FILED ]AN.6 1921.

1,42 ,32 I ?atentedSept.5,1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET'Z.

' impossible with this type fill ' stantially noiseless in operation Patented; Sept. 5, .1922.

ITED er Evrw. CHRISTIE, or-sEwAREn, N-Ew -Jnnsni iNrnnnAncomBusTIoN moron.

Application filed January 6, 1921. Serial No. 435,348.

bustion motor and one in which either gasoe' other similar hydro-' line, alcohol, oil or any carbon or gaseous fuel may be employed as 'a motive power. 'The invention stillfurther relates to the type of two cycle 1nternal combustion motor in which there is employed pistons operating in a cylinder and within one another. In this general type of internal combustion moter difficulty has been experienced in preventing the motor frombaclr nring so much so that it is substantially of motors with which I am acquainted to throttle the motor when running free and to preventback fin ing. Qne of the objects of this invention is, therefore, in the motor made in accordance with invention and as hereinafter more particularly described 1 also provide motor construction in which the vibration is decreased to a minimum inasmuch torque on the drive shaft, one which is subas there are no tappet valves or similar parts employed, and further one which is directly reversible by means of a link" motion similar to any of the well known link motions as commonly employed with steam engines.

In carrying out the invention the internal combustion motor is preferably so con structed as to include a cylinder, a sleeve or cylindrical piston operating in the cylinder and a drum piston of the ordinary type operating in the cylindrical piston, and in the operation of the motor the combustible mixture is compressed in one end of the cylinder by the cylindrical piston, and air is compressed in the opposite end of the cylinder between one head thereof and the drum piston. The apparatus also includes a slide valve mechanism by which the air as thus compressed is admitted to the explosion chamber between the drum 'piston and the opposite head of the cylindrical piston after to overcome this dithcnlty, and.

as there is a balanced.

the exhaust has been opened and 'rior to the admisslon of the compressed com ustible m xtureorfuel so that when this compressed fuel 1'sadmitted there is a layer of air be- .tween the exhaust gases and the-incoming charge of fuel, the spent gases beinodrivenfrom the combustion chamber by the layer of an and the 1ncoming-charge of fuel soas to scavenge the combustion chamber, it be- -1ng noted that this is accomplished "without. the use of base compression which so far as lam aware is also a novel feature of the internal combustion" motor made in accordance w1th my invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a central longitudinal cross section through one cylinder, of an internal combustion motor.

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrate ing the relative positions of the crank and eccentric with the parts in the position shown in Fig. i. a 1

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the moving parts in a different position having been advanced v substantially 90 from that shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view showing the relativepositions of the crank arms and eccentric with the parts in the position as shown in Fig. 2. v

L Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 with the mov ng parts advanced substantially 90.

Fig. 3 IS a diagrammatic view showing the relationship between the cranks and eccentric with the parts in the position as shown in Fig. 3. a

l is also a central longitudinal cross section showing the moving parts advanced 90 from the position shown in Fig. 8, and Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the relationship between the cranks and ec centric in the positions shown in Fig. 4.

Referring to the drawing it will be seen that 'in carrying out the invention I employ a cylinder 10 with a substantially concentric outer Wall 11 providing between the same a circulating chamber 12 for any suitable cooling medium. It will be understood that while-in the drawing I have illustrated but asingle cylinder the motor may be constructed so as to include any desired number of the same, and furthermore that while as hereinafter described a mixture of gasoline and air as a ca-rbureted fuel will be referred I is pivot-ally com .forming a. head for the cylinder.

to it will be understood that oil or alcohol or any other fuel maybe utilized in the motor constructed in accordance with this invention. As shown in the drawing one end of the cylinder is preferably enclosed by a head 13 and the opposite end of the cylinder is preferably extended as indicated at 13' and is open.- In a suitable position also there may be a wall 14 between the cylinder 10 and the outer wall 11 and centrally thereof an opening provided in the outer wall as indicated at 15 to receive a spark plug 16, this wall 14: providing a passage 17 by which the spark plug operates to fire the charge of exploslve mixhim through a suitable port in a cylinder as hereinafter described. Between the cylinder 10 and the outer wall 11 there is a similar transverse Wall 18 to provide an exhaust passage 19. The cylinder walls are also suitably fitted with a valve chest 20 in which there is provided an intake opening 21 and extending from which along the walls of the cylinder there'is a rib or projection 22 between which and the outer wall 11 there is a passage 23. The rib terminates in a wall 24: and the passage through the same -communicates with the interior of the cylinder 10. Between the valve chest and the interior of the cylinder there are also provided passages 25 and 26 controlled by the valves 27 and 28 made to operate in the valve chest as hereinafter described. These valves 27 and 28 are of different lon itudinal lengths and are connected by a member 29. p

In the cylinder 10 I employ a cylindrical piston 30. At one end there is a wall 31 31 is preferably removable as shown in Fig. 1, and the cylindrical portion thereof is extended as indicated at 32 forming a continuation of the cylindrical piston 30. At the other end of this cylinder there is a wall 33 forming a head for the same and at this end the cylinder is also extended as indicated at 34. The cylindrical piston fits and operates in the cylinder 10, and fitting and operating Within the cylindrical piston I employ a drum piston 35. To this is connected a rod 36 which extends through a bearing 37 which, as will be understood, may be provided with asuitable gland or other device for making the same tight.

The motor includes a crank shaft 38 in which are constructed the crank arms indicated at 39, 40 and 41 respectively. Connecting rods 42 and 43 are connected respectively at corresponding ends to the crank arms 39 and a0 and the adjacent crank arms 41. At its opposite end the connecting rod, 42 is pivotally cor ected to one end ti extension 3-1 by pin it, and simi corresponding end at the conne posed position to I by a pin d5. A connecting 3 l The head asses tached at one end of the crank arms 41 and at the opposite end is pivotally connected to an air intake port 56, and an exhaust port 57.

In the operation of this motor as hereinbefore described, assumingthe parts to be in the position as shownin Fig. 1 which is the position in which the explosion takes place and which for this reason may be considered an initial position, it will be noticed that the valve 27 is on the point of closing the inlet port to the passage 25 after a supply of carbureted gas has been admitted to the upper end of the cylinder, that is to the space between the cylinder head 13 and the cylindrical piston head 31, and that the air inlet port- 56 is just exteriorly placed at the end of the extension 13 of the lower end of the cylinder whereby a charge of atmospheric air is admitted to the space between the under side of the drum piston 35 and the lower head 33 of the cylindrical piston.

the entire downward stroke of the drum piston and the upward stroke of the cylindrical piston. Just before the cranks have.

traveled through 180 and before the moving parts reach the positions shown in Fig. 3 the exhaust port is first uncovered by the port 57 beginning to register with the passage 19 and then the valve 28 begins to uncover the port leading to the passage 26 after the air inlet port 58 is in the position to register with the inlet port to the passage 23., whereby a charge of compressed atmospheric air is caused to flow from the space in the lower end of the cylindrical piston through the passage 23 and through h has been moved with the port at e 26. the charge to force the cal piston to re the inner of atm spent 36 also through the port in 1 and the head 31 of the cylindrical piston.

After the parts have reached the position shown in Fig. 3 the valve28 is moved to.

close the passage 26 shutting off the admission of air from the lower end of the cylindrical piston through the passage 23 and to open the passage 26 through. the space between the valves 27 and 28 to the passage so that the compressed charge of carbureted air is permitted to flow from the upper end of the cylinder through the passage 25 to the space between the valves 27 and 28 through the passage 26 and the port 55 to the explosion chamber in the cylindrical piston between the upper end of the drum piston and the head 31 of the cylindrical piston. parts to the position shown in Fig. 4 and to the position shown in Fig. 1 the exhaust port having'been closed the charge of car bureted air thusadmitted to the explosion chamber is compressed and when the parts are returned to the position shown in Fig. 1 completing the cycle an electric circuit controlled by suitable means is closed through the spark plug to explode the compressed charge of carbureted air thus beginning a new cycle of the operations of the motor.

I claim as my invention:

1. In an internal combustion motor, a cylinder, a piston operating in the cylinder, a second piston operating in the aforesaid piston, there being an air compression chamber between one end of the piston operating in the cylinder and one side of the said second piston operating in the aforesaid piston, and devices whereby atmospheric air is admitted to the said air compression chamber and after being compressed by the action of the piston is admitted to a combustion chamber to scavenge the same. 2. In an internal combustion motor, a cylinder, a cylindrical piston operating in the cylinder, a drum piston operating in the cylindrical piston with an air compression chamber between the clindrical piston and the drum piston and a combustion chamber also between the cylindrical piston and the drum piston, and devices whereby atmospheric air is admitted to the air com ression chamber and after being compresse by the action of the pistons is admitted to the combustion chamber to scavenge the same.

3. In an internal combustion motor, a cylinder, a cylindrical piston operating in the cylinder, a drum piston operating in the cylindrical piston with an air compression chamber between the cylindrical piston and the drum piston, a combustion chamber also between the cylindrical piston and the drum piston and a fuel compression chamber between the cylindrical piston and the cylinder, and devices by which charges of atmospheric air and fuel after having been com- In the, further movements of the pressed in the said air and'fuel compression chambers are successively admitted to the said combustion chamber to scavenge and recharge the same.

4. In an internal combustion motor, a cylinder, a cylindrical piston operating in the cylinder, a drum piston operating in the cylindrical piston with an air compression I chamber between the lower end of the cylin-,

drical piston and the drum piston, and a combustion chamber between the upper end of the cylindrical piston and the drum pis-' ton, and devices whereby atmospheric air admitted to the air compression chamber and after being compressed by the action of the pistons is admitted to the combustion chamber to scavenge the same.

5. In an internal combustion motor, a cylinder, a cylindrical piston operating .in the cylinder, a drum piston operating in the cylindrical piston with a combustion chamber between the upper end of the cylindrical piston and the drum piston, and a fuel compression chamber between the upper end of the cylindrical piston and the cylinder, and devices for admitting a charge of carbureted fuel to the fuel compression chamber and after the fuel is compressed in said chamber 4 for admitting the same to the said combustion chamber.

6. in an internal combustion motor, a cylinder, a cylindrical piston operating in the cylinder, a drum piston operating in the cylindrical piston with an air compression chamber between the lower end of the cylindrical piston and the drum piston, a combustion chamber between the upper end of the cylindrical piston and the drum piston, and a fuel compression chamber between the upper end of the cylindrical piston and the cylinder, and devices by which charges of atmospheric air and fuel after'havingb een compressed in the said air and fuel chambers are successively admitted to the said combustion chamber to scavenge and recharge the same.

7. In an internal combustion motor, a cylinder closed at one end and open at the other, a cylindrical piston having a head at yond the said heads, a drum piston operating within the said cylindrical piston, there being an air compression chamber between the drum piston and one head of the cylindrical piston and a combustion chamber between the other head of the cylindrical piston and the drum piston, and devices. for admitting a charge of compressed air from the said air compression chamber to the'said combustion chamber for scavenging the same.

8. In an internal combustion motor, a cylinder closed at one end and open at the other, a cylindrical piston having a head at both ends and end portions extending be yond the said heads, a drum piston operating within the said cylindrical piston with a combustion chamber between the drum piston and one head of the cylindrical piston, and a fuel compression chamber between the said head of the cylindrical piston and the cylinder, and devices by which a charge of fuel compressed in the said fuel compression chamber is admitted to thesaid combustion chamber for charging the same.

9. In an internal combustion motor, a cylinder closed at one end and open at 'the other, a cylindrical piston having a head at both ends and end portions extending beyond the said heads, a drum piston operating within the said cylindrical piston with an air compression chamber between the drum piston andone head of the cylindrical piston, a combustion chamber between the said drum piston and the other head of the cylindrical piston, and a fuel compression chamber between the said other head of the cylindrical piston and the cylinder, and devices by which a charge of air and a charge of fuel compressed by the action of the said pistons-in the said air and fuel chambers eaaeaa are respectively and successively admitted to the said combustion chamber for scavenging and recharging the same.

10. In an internal combustion motor, a cylinder closed at one end and open at the other, a cylindrical piston having a head at both ends and end portions extending beyond the said heads, a drum piston operating within the said cylindrical piston with an air compression chamber between the drum piston and one head of the cylindrical piston, a combustion chamber between thesaid drum piston and the other head of the cylindrical piston, and a fuel compression chamber between the said other head of the cylindrical piston and the cylinder, a slide valve, and means for operating the same, there being the necessary ports by which through the action of the slide valve the charges of air and fuel as compressed in the air and fuel compression chambers as aforesaid are respectively and successively admitted to the said combustion chamber to scavenge and recharge the same.

Signed by me this 16th day of Dec, 1920.

EVI W. CHRISTIE. 

